التاريخ والحضارة المصرية القديمة The History and Civilization of Ancient Egypt المستوى الاول – ساعات معتمدة FM 116 Lecture 8 Prof. Dr. Mona M. Taha Hussein 2018

رؤية الكلية كلية السياحة والفنادق جامعة 6 اكتوبر مؤسسة تعليمية محليا وإقليميا فى مجال التعليم السياحى والفندقى والإرشاد السياحى وذات مردود إيجابى فى خدمة المجتمع والبحث العلمى. رسالة الكلية تلتزم كلية السياحة والفنادق جامعة 6 اكتوبر بإعداد خريج مؤهل قادر على العمل فى مجالات السياحة والفندقة والإرشاد السياحى، والإرتقاء بالأبحاث العلمية التطبيقية، وتحقيق خدمة مجتمعية متميزة، فى إطار من الممارسات المهنية والأخلاقية.

Lecture 9 Second Intermediate Period and the Hyksos

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Egypt once again fell into disarray between the end of the Middle Kingdom and the start of the New Kingdom. This period is best known as the time the Hyksos made their appearance in Egypt, the reigns of its kings comprising the Fifteenth Dynasty. .

While the Fourteenth Dynasty was Levantine, the Hyksos first appeared in Egypt c. 1650 BC when they took control of Avaris and rapidly moved south to Memphis, thereby ending the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties. The Hyksos princes and chieftains ruled in the eastern Delta with their local Egyptian vassals. The Fifteenth Dynasty rulers established their capital and seat of government at Memphis and their summer residence at Avaris.

The Hyksos kingdom was centered in the eastern Nile Delta and central Egypt but relentlessly pushed south for the control of central and Upper Egypt. Around the time Memphis fell to the Hyksos, the native Egyptian ruling house in Thebes declared its independence and set itself up as the Sixteenth Dynasty

By 1600 BC, the Hyksos had successfully moved south in central Egypt, eliminating the Abydos Dynasty and directly threatening the Sixteenth Dynasty. The latter was to prove unable to resist and Thebes fell to the Hyksos for a very short period c. 1580 BC.

By 1600 BC, the Hyksos had successfully moved south in central Egypt, eliminating the Abydos Dynasty and directly threatening the Sixteenth Dynasty. The latter was to prove unable to resist and Thebes fell to the Hyksos for a very short period c. 1580 BC. The Hyksos rapidly withdrew to the north and Thebes regained some independence under the Seventeenth Dynasty. From then on, Hyksos relations with the south seem to have been mainly of a commercial nature, although Theban princes appear to have recognized the Hyksos rulers and may possibly have provided them with tribute for a period.

The Seventeenth Dynasty was to prove the salvation of Egypt and would eventually lead the war of liberation that drove the Hyksos back into Asia. The two last kings of this dynasty were Seqenenre Tao and Kamose

Kamose

Ahmose I completed the conquest and expulsion of the Hyksos from the Nile Delta, restored Theban rule over the whole of Egypt and successfully reasserted Egyptian power in its formerly subject territories of Nubia and the Southern Levant. His reign marks this beginning of the Eighteenth Dynasty and the New Kingdom.  

Donation Stela, Third Pylon, Karnak

Stela of Ahmose, Museum of Fine arts , Boston